What about if planes in the near future fly efficiently like birds. Felixschaller.com has reviewed the physics of flight resulting in the idea that surfaces coping with the dynamic matter of fluids, which leads to a highly interactive result. Those correlation in the fluid dynamics effects recommends the solution that surfaces or bodies coping with dynamic matter should be better designed not rigid to reach a most effective solution. 
This affects features like lift, stall, turbulences and drag. They are all a reason of an optimal aerodynamic shape, which surprisingly the physics of fluids want to determine by themselves. Resulting in a solution which is pretty much that what nature applies since millions of years. A surface which is assembled by multiple surface elements, layered together and with the Ability to move independently from each other. Those feather like element covering the surface enable the shape to morph in any desired shape needed to achieve the best fluid dynamics condition.

Multible technical Benifits

Making surfaces adaptive offers a lot of advancements in the operation of an fluid dynamic environment. Hard nuts like turbulence, yet difficult to read, become an open book where a lot of hidden Energy resources can be opened up and used in a much better efficiently.

• Highly Drag reducing. The adaptable feature always offers the most suitable airfoil profile shape for the current condition based on speed or angle of attack.
• Regulating Turbulence. Turbulence is a big issue in many aerodynamic aspects affecting drag or stall. Now turbulence can be moderated and local reverse flows suppressed to avoid pressure collapse, stall or turbulent drag
• Increasing safety. Stall on airplane wings is a huge issue when it comes to safety. Weather in slow-speed flights as well in rapid maneuvers or difficult winds conditions.
• Landing maneuvers made easy. Currently aeronautic traffic is related on good infrastructures and huge airports which are not always in the courtesy of the surrounded residents. Making it easy to start and land almost everywhere would bring individual aeronautic traffic in feasible distances. huge traffic knots are past.
• Wing deformations made Easy. The modular assembled constructions makes it possible not only morphing the airfoil but the entire wing shape interactively. A desire useful for many applications such as manned ornitocopters.
• Superiority in air combat. even the most advanced fighter jet of today will loose getting into a fight with a guided missile without decoy flares. But equipped with more agile wings, lanes could escape in quick turns beating the rockets action radius.

Key technology in mobility of the Future

Although the most advanced role the adaptable feature plays in the function creating effective lift on airplane wings. This technology has a vast variety of different use at bodies and surfaces in the context of fluid dynamics. Wherever interaction of fluids with surfaces happen this technology will advance the technological efficiency. The following Examples are just an excerpt of the possible applications.

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• Wind Energy
• High Performance Sailing
• Mobility, Motorsports and Logistics

Adaptive features can help a lot to Improve efficiency of wind energy generation. Today there are many problems unsolved which are located in the aerodynamic field that can be addressed with adaptable effects: Turbulent environment. Turbulence on rotor blades are a huge problem when generating efficient Lift Force. Instationary (turbulent) preset of air decreases the efficiency in lift generation. Obstacles and Difficult environments. Obstacles create turbulence in the wind shadow. Forest nearby a generator create turbulence. Thereby laminar airflow is decreased and thus lift deprivation occurs. Higher Density of Wind parks. not only that leading wind generators affect those generators laying behind in wind direction, further they disturb the air as well. Adaptive features will make them turbulence robust Noise Reduction. Noise on a wind generator's rotor blades mainly comes through torsion resonance and the creation of Kármán Vortex Streets. Rigid surfaces get into a sensitive feedback between lift and stall making the blade to resonate. Adaptable feature can moderate the feedbacks and avoid resonance.

Adaptive features are also useful when sailing on a regatta. Current sails are made of a single tissue. But Tests have proven that a rigid sail wit an airfoil shape would be more efficient in lift generation. the only disadvantage in sailing, that the highly Instationary (turbulent) condition of wind makes the sail so sensitive that it would flutter very hard which makes this solution useless for that application. Introducing aeroflexible features to Sails would boost the Efficiency in that Domain: Moderating Sensitivity. Stiff sails with an airfoil are very sensitive. Introducing Adaptive feature could moderate this sensitivity to enable the higher performance of airfoil sails in an instationary environment Additional stall delay would enable higher attack angles which leads to higher lift forces on the sail and sharper contrary wind courses. Less drag. this means higher cruising speed due less turbulence resistance

Even on ground aerodynamic features play a dominant role for transportation and logistics. Although on ground higher pressure drag exist due ground effects, drag created by the aerodynamic shape and other turbulent effects through instationary conditions of headwind plays an important role as well: Flexible Surfaces in Logistics already prove their efficiency. a significant lower drag is recorded on trucks with awning trailers. Speed related adaptive aerodynamic Body. Car and Truck bodies would reshape according their cruising speeds Noise reduction. fast wind create noise through vibration on surface edges by internal vibration of the compressible medium

Video Portrait by Greentec Awards

As nominee of the Greentec Awards 2013 Felix Schaller was portraited in his daily work in the office. The video became part of the Nominee trailer and was presented on the Gala. Further details about the Event can be found in our Blog-Area.

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How does it work?

when developing new Solutions sometimes you have to leave established ways of thinking if new scientific findings would recommend in straightforward conclusions. Even today there are a lot of question marks in the current flight theories which keep many areas mysterious. The answer why planes fly is yet classified unclear among experts and still heavily debated. The major conflicts for developing a comprehensive theory which covers all the effects are roughly:

• Current analytical theories do not describe many effects observed in aerodynamics such as turbulence or stall
• Stationary flow is declared to be the most energy efficient state of the fluid. Though there are animals who can achieve higher efficiency with a rough surface.
• Numeric simulation methods are capable to simulate fluid dynamic behavior and lift correctly. But there is no mathematical theory to understand nonlinear numeric solutions with analytical methods.
• Numeric solutions even today are hard nuts still heavily consuming render power.

While others struggling with established analytical theories of lift, some authors in the past ten years expressed the Idea to describe lift with Newtons laws. Among those are authors like Prof Weltner from the University of Frankfurt [8] and David Anderson and Scott Eberhard Authors of the Book "Understanding Flight" [3]. Inspired by their attempt we developed our Ideas in enhancing those Ideas especially in the area of instationary flow. Where finally the reasons are located laying out the benefit of adaptive surfaces

Measurements

Comparing studies have been made with two Wing segments equal in its dimenstion and profile. One with adaptive feature, the other none. Measured in a small Wind Tunnel, finally a Lilienthal polar diagram was made showing the different lift and drag behaviour at different angles - with interesting Results. The Results where published in our Blog-Area:

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Further Information Material and References

below you can find a list of further published material in other media and bibliography

Published Material in other Media (rollout)

Information Documents	Publications in public press
Pdf-Brochure	Modell-Aviator   freie-welt.net   Newspaper   Münchner Merkur (10.09.2013) Süddeutsche Zeitung (09.09.2013)

Bibliography (rollout)

Quellen und weiterführende Literatur: [1] „Aeroflexible Oberflächenklappen als “Rückstrombremsen” nach dem Vorbild der Deckfedern des Vogelflügels” Giannino Patone, Werner Müller, Technical Report TR-96-05, May 1996 [2] Publikationen der letzten Jahre bei “Google Scholar” [3] „Understanding Flight, Second Edition”, David W. Anderson, Scott Eberhardt McGraw Hill Professional, 2009 ISBN 0071626964, 9780071626965 [4] „Hier irrt die Schulweisheit” Die Zeit, 21/2001 [5] „Numerische Simulation der Beeinflussung instationärer Strömungsablösung durch frei bewegliche Rückstromklappen auf Tragflügeln“, Markus Schatz, 2003, TU Berlin. ( [6] „Misinterpretations of Bernoulli’s Law” by Klaus Weltner 2011, University of Frankfurt [7] Mechanics of flight, N. H. Fletcher (1975), Department of Physics, University of New England, Armidale, Australia ( [8] „Physics of Flight – reviewed” Klaus Weltner 2011, University of Frankfurt [9] „Bernoulli and Newton and Fluid Mechanics” N.F. Smith (1972), The Physics Teacher, New York [10] „Newton’s Laws, Pitched Wings, and ‘Lift’ ” 4Physics (2003), [11] „Bionische Optimierung von Rückstromklappen” [12] Bernoulli vs. Newton Lift Theories [13] „Flight without Bernoulli“, Chris Waltham 1998, Physics Department, University of British Columbia, ISSN 0031-921X [14] „Laminar fliegen in Turbulenter Luft“, Gerhard Waibel 1999 [15] „Widerstandsverminderung in Natur und Technik” Wolfram Hage, 2006 [16] “Numerical simulation of laminar-turbulent transition on a dolphin using the γ-Re_θ model“, D. Riedeberger, U. Rist, in: W.E. Nagel, D. Kröner and M. Resch (Eds.): High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’11, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012 [17] „Universal equations and constants of turbulent motion“, Helmut Z. Baumert, 2012, IAMARIS e.V. [18] „Generalization of space-filling bearings to arbitrary loop size“, G Oron and H J Herrmann 2000 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 33 1417 doi:10.1088/0305-4470/33/7/310 [19] Cyberspace and The Quest for a Materialistic Epistemology of Liberation, Heinz Dietrich, Christian Kleinhuis, Felix Schaller, et al., Center of Transition Science, University of Mexico 2013, ISBN 3-932-210-12-9 [20] „Optimale Strukturen”, Felix Schaller, S.96, Modell-Aviator 6/2013 Printausgabe